Muslim Contribution in science | Al'Biruni

Abu Rayḥan Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad Al-Birun was born in (4 September 973), known as Al-Biruni, was an Iranian scholar and  polymath from khwarezm—a region which encompasses modern-day western Uzbekistan, and northern Turkmenistan,


Al-Biruni is regarded as one of the greatest scholars of the medieval Islamic era and was well versed in  physics,  mathematics, astronomy,  and natural sciences, and also distinguished himself as a historian, chronologist and  linguist,
He studied almost all fields of science and was compensated for his research and strenuous work. Royalty and powerful members of society sought out Al-Biruni to conduct research and study to uncover certain findings. He lived during the islamic Golden Age,  in which scholarly thought went hand in hand with the thinking and methodology of the Islamic religion. In addition to this type of influence, Al-Biruni was also influenced by other nations, such as the Greek, who he took inspiration from when he turned to studies of philosophy,
He spent a large part of his life in ghazni in modern-day Afghanistan, capital of the  ghaznavid dynasty,  which was based in what is now central-eastern Afghanistan. In 1017 he traveled to  south asia and authored a study of Indian culture (Tahqiq ma li-l-hind...) after exploring the  hinduism practised in  India,He was given the title "founder of  Indology,He was an impartial writer on customs and creeds of various nations, and was given the title al-Ustadh ("The Master") for his remarkable description of early 11th-century India,  He also made contributions to  Earth sciences, and is regarded as the "father of  geodesy for his important contributions to that field, along with his significant contributions to Geography,

Mathematics and Astronomy

Ninety-five of 146 books known to have been written by Biruni were devoted to astronomy, mathematics, and related subjects like mathematical geography, He contribute to his research of astronomy, as in Islam, Muslim customs require knowing the directions of certain sacred locations,

Physics

Al-Biruni contributed to the introduction of the experimental scientific method to mechanics, unified statics and dynamics into the science of mechanics, and combined the fields of hydrostatics with dynamics to create hydrodynamics.[41] He came up with different methods for exploring densities, weight, and even gravity,


Geography

Biruni also devised his own method of determining the radius of the earth by means of the observation of the height of a mountain and carried it out at nandana in pind dadan khan in  pakistan, He was heavily interested in the workings of the earth and included research about the planet in many of his works. The result of his discovery of radius measurement was due to Biruni's arduous research about the earth. In his Codex Masudicus (1037), Al-Biruni theorized the existence of a landmass along the vast ocean between  Asia and  Europe,or what is today known as the  Americas, 

Pharmacology And Mineralogy

Biruni's most important work was a major pharmacopoeia, the Kitab al-saydala fi al-tibb(Book on the Pharmacopoeia of Medicine), describing essentially all the medicines known in his time. It lists synonyms for drug names in Syriac, Persian, Greek, Baluchi, Afghan, Kurdi, and some Indian languages,

History of religions

Biruni is one of the most important Muslim authorities on the history of religion,  Al-Biruni was a pioneer in the study of comparative religion. He studied Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Hinduism, Christianity, Buddhism, Islam, and other religions. 
Al-Biruni divides Hindus into an educated and an uneducated class. He describes the educated as monotheistic, believing that God is one, eternal, and omnipotent and eschewing all forms of idol worship. He recognizes that uneducated Hindus worshipped a multiplicity of idols, 

Anthropology

Al-Biruni wrote about the peoples, customs and religions of the Indian subcontinent. According to Akbar Ahmed, like modern anthropologists, he engaged in extensive participant observation with a given group of people, learnt their language and studied their primary texts, presenting his findings with objectivity and neutrality using cross-cultural comparisons. Akhbar  Ahmed concluded that Al-Biruni can be considered as the first Anthropologist,


There are many more of his contribution in science,
but we can't discuss his work because he was a great human,
and this world and it's everything will be destroyed,
that's why AL-BIRUNI deid on 9 december 1048 ( 75 years age) 
in ghazni modern day- afghaistan ,


Writter
ali haider
and team For you